// Example program : exceptions with constructors and destructors
using namespace std;

#include <string>       // the standard string library
#include <iostream>     // for cout

class light {
  string description;
public:
// constructor:
  light(const string d = "whatever") : description(d) {
    cout << "Light turned on: " << description << endl;
  }
// destructor:
  ~light(){
    cout << "Light turned off: " << description << endl;
  }
};

int fourth_level(){
  light xxx("red");
  throw string("something unusual");
  // complicated stuff
  return 4;
}

int third_level(){
  light xxx("green");
  cout << "+++ third-level manual setup" << endl;
  int rslt = 3*fourth_level();
  cout << "+++ third-level manual cleanup" << endl;
  return rslt;
}

int second_level(){
  light xxx("blue");
  // complicated stuff
  return 2*third_level();
}

int main(){
  try {
    // will print 24, unless there is an exception:
    cout << second_level() << endl;
  } catch (int foo) {
    cout << "Caught int exception: " << foo << endl;
  } catch (string foo) {
    cout << "Caught string exception: " << foo << endl;
  }
}