[Contents]
Copyright © 2007 jsd

1  Standard Reduction Potentials

Sorted by reduction potential.

Li+ + e−  → Li−3.05 Keefe
Li+(aq) + e−  → Li(s)−3.05 Stretton
Li+ + e−  → Li(s)−3.045 EMS
Ca(OH)2(s) + 2e−  → Ca(s) + 2OH−−3.03 EMS
K+ + e−  → K−2.93 Keefe
Rb+ + e−  → Rb−2.93 Keefe
Rb+ + e−  → Rb(s)−2.93 EMS
Rb+(aq) + e−  → Rb(s)−2.93 Stretton
K+ + e−  → K(s)−2.925 EMS
Cs+ + e−  → Cs−2.92 Keefe
Ra2+ + 2e−  → Ra−2.92 Keefe
Ra2+ + 2e−  → Ra(s)−2.92 EMS
Cs+(aq) +e−  → Cs(s)−2.92 Stretton
K+(aq) + e−  → K(s)−2.92 Stretton
Cs+ + e−  → Cs(s)−2.91 EMS
Ba2+ + 2e−  → Ba(s)−2.906 EMS
La(OH)3(s) + 3e−  → La(s) + 3OH−−2.90 EMS
Ba2+(aq) + 2e−  → Ba(s)−2.90 Stretton
Sr2+ + 2e−  → Sr−2.89 Keefe
Sr2+ + 2e−  → Sr(s)−2.89 EMS
Sr2+(aq) + 2e−  → Sr(s)−2.89 Stretton
Ca2+ + 2e−  → Ca−2.87 Keefe
Ca2+ + 2e−  → Ca(s)−2.866 EMS
Al3+ + 2e−  → Al+−2.76 EMS
Ca2+(aq) + 2e−  → Ca(s)−2.76 Stretton
Na+ + e−  → Na(s)−2.714 EMS
Na+ + e−  → Na−2.71 Keefe
Na+(aq) + e−  → Na(s)−2.71 Stretton
Mg(OH)2(s) + 2e−  → Mg(s) + 2OH−−2.69 EMS
Be2O32− + 3H2O + 4e− → 2Be(s) + 6OH−−2.62 EMS
La3+ + 3e−  → La−2.52 Keefe
La3+ + 3e−  → La(s)−2.52 EMS
HfO(OH)2(s) + H2O + 4e−  → Hf(s) + 4OH−−2.50 EMS
Ce3+ + 3e−  → Ce−2.48 Keefe
Ce3+ + 3e−  → Ce(s)−2.48 EMS
Th(OH)4(s) + 4e−  → Th(s) + 4OH−−2.48 EMS
Pu(OH)3(s) + 3e−  → Pu(s) + 3OH−−2.42 EMS
UO2(s) + 2H2O + 4e−  → U(s) + 4OH−−2.39 EMS
Y3+(aq) + 3e−  → Y(s)−2.37 Stretton
Mg2+(aq) + 2e−  → Mg(s)−2.37 Stretton
Mg2+ + 2e−  → Mg(s)−2.363 EMS
Mg2+ + 2e−  → Mg−2.36 Keefe
H2ZrO3(s) + H2O + 4e−  → Zr(s) + 4OH−−2.36 EMS
La3+(aq) + 3e−  → La(s)−2.36 Stretton
Al(OH)3(s) + 3e−  → Al(s) + 3OH−−2.31 EMS
H2(g) + 2e− → 2H−−2.25 EMS
U(OH)3(s) + 3e−  → U(s) + 3OH−−2.17 EMS
BaO + 2H+ + 2e−  → Ba(s) + H2O−2.166 EMS
Sc3+ + 3e−  → Sc(s)−2.08 EMS
AlF63− + 3e−  → Al(s) + 6F−−2.07 EMS
Pu3+ + 3e−  → Pu(s)−2.03 EMS
Sc3+(aq) + 3e−  → Sc(s)−2.02 Stretton
CaO + 2H+ + 2e−  → Ca(s) + H2O−1.90 EMS
Th4+ + 4e−  → Th(s)−1.90 EMS
Be2+ + 2e−  → Be−1.85 Keefe
Be2+ + 2e−  → Be(s)−1.85 EMS
U3+ + 3e−  → U(s)−1.798 EMS
U3+ + 3e−  → U−1.79 Keefe
U3+(aq) + 3e−  → U(s)−1.79 Stretton
MgO(s) + 2H+ + 2e−  → Mg(s) + H2O−1.722 EMS
Hf4+ + 4e−  → Hf(s)−1.70 EMS
HfO2+ + 2H+ + 4e−  → Hf(s) + H2O−1.70 EMS
Al3+ + 3e−  → Al(s)−1.662 EMS
Al3+ + 3e−  → Al−1.66 Keefe
Al3+(aq) + 3e−  → Al(s)−1.66 Stretton
Ti2+ + 2e−  → Ti−1.63 Keefe
Ti2+ + 2e−  → Ti(s)−1.630 EMS
Ti2+(aq) + 2e−  → Ti(s)−1.63 Stretton
HfO2(s) + 4H+ + 4e−  → Hf(s) + 2H2O−1.57 EMS
ZrO2+ + 2H+ + 4e−  → Zr(s) + H2O−1.570 EMS
ZrO2·2H2O + 4H+ + 4e− → Zr(s) + 4H2O−1.553 EMS
Mn(OH)2(s) + 2e−  → Mn(s) + 2OH−−1.55 EMS
Zr4+ + 4e−  → Zr(s)−1.539 EMS
ZrO2·H2O(s) + 4H+ + 4e−  → Zr(s) + 3H2O−1.533 EMS
Pb(s) + 2H+ + 2e−  → PbH2−1.507 EMS
ZrO2(s) + 4H+ + 4e−  → Zr(s) + 2H2O−1.456 EMS
UO2(s) + 4H+ + 4e−  → U(s) + 2H2O−1.444 EMS
ZnS(s) + 2e− → Zn(s) + S2−−1.40 EMS
HZrO3− + 5H+ + 4e− → Zr(s) + 3H2O−1.276 EMS
AlO2− + 4H+ + 3e− → Al(s) + 2H2O−1.262 EMS
Zn(CN)42+ + 2e−  → Zn(s) + 4CN−−1.26 EMS
Zn(OH)2(s) + 2e−  → Zn(s) + 2OH−−1.245 EMS
H2GaO3− + 3e−  → Ga(s) + 4OH−−1.22 EMS
ZnO22− + 2H2O + 2e− → Zn(s) + 4OH−−1.216 EMS
ZnO2−(aq) + 2 H2O(l)+ 2e−  → Zn(s) + 4OH−(aq)−1.216 Stretton
SiF62− + 4e−  → Si(s) + 6F−−1.2 EMS
V2+ + 2e−  → V−1.19 Keefe
TiF62− + 4e−  → Ti(s) + 6F−−1.19 EMS
Mn2+ + 2e−  → Mn−1.18 Keefe
Mn2+ + 2e−  → Mn(s)−1.180 EMS
V2+ + 2e−  → V(s)−1.18 EMS
V2+(aq) + 2e−  → V(s)−1.18 Stretton
CdS(s) + 2e− → Cd(s) + S2−−1.17 EMS
N2(g) + 4 H2O(l) + 4e−  → N2O4(aq) +4 OH−(aq)−1.16 Stretton
Te(s) + 2e− → Te2−−1.14 EMS
Nb3+ + 3e−  → Nb(s)−1.1 EMS
Cd(CN)42− + 2e−  → Cd(s) + 4CN−−1.09 EMS
Sn(s) + 4H+ + 4e−  → SnH4(g)−1.074 EMS
MoO42− + 4H2O + 6e− → Mo(s) + 8OH−−1.05 EMS
BF4− + 3e−  → B(s) + 4F−−1.04 EMS
Zn(NH3)42+ + 2e−  → Zn(s) + 4NH3−1.04 EMS
In(OH)3 + 3e−  → In(s) + 3OH−−1.0 EMS
NiS(s) + 2e−  → Ni(s) + S2−−0.99 EMS
CNO− + 2H2O + 2e−  → CN− + 2OH−−0.97 EMS
Pu(OH)4(s) + e−  → Pu(OH)3(s) + OH−−0.95 EMS
2H3PO4 + 2H+ + 2e− → H4P2O6 + 2H2O−0.94 EMS
SO42− + 4H2O + 2e− → SO3− + 2OH−−0.93 EMS
Se(s) + 2e− → Se2−−0.924 EMS
Cr2+ + 2e−  → Cr−0.91 Keefe
Cr2+ + 2e−  → Cr(s)−0.91 EMS
Cr2+(aq) + 2e−  → Cr(s)−0.91 Stretton
TiIV + 4e−  → Ti(s)−0.88 EMS
Fe(OH)2(s) + 2e−  → Fe(s)+ 2 OH−(aq)−0.88 Stretton
B(OH)3 + 3H+ + 3e−  → B(s) + 3H2O−0.87 EMS
H3BO3 + 3H+ + 3e− → B(s) + 3H2O−0.869 EMS
SiO2(s) + 4H+ + 4e−  → Si(s) + 2H2O−0.86 EMS
H2B4O7 + 12H+ + 12e− → 4B(s) + 7H2O−0.836 EMS
2H2O + 2e−  → H2 + 2OH−−0.83 Keefe
2H2O + 2e−  → H2(g) + 2OH−−0.83 EMS
2 H2O(l) + 2e−  → H2(g)+ 2 OH−(aq)−0.83 Stretton
Cd(OH)2 + 2e−  → Cd + 2OH−−0.81 Keefe
Cd(OH)2(s) + 2e−  → Cd(s) + 2OH−−0.81 EMS
Ta2O5 + 10H+ + 10e− → 2Ta(s) + 5H2O−0.81 EMS
Cd(OH)2(s) + 2e−  → Cd(s)+ 2 OH−(aq)−0.81 Stretton
Bi(s) + 3H+ + 3e−  → BiH3(g)−0.800 EMS
B4O72− + 14H+ + 12e− → 4B(s) + 7H2O−0.792 EMS
H2SiO3 + 4H+ + 4e− → Si(s) + 3H2O−0.780 EMS
TlI(s) + e− → Tl(s) + I−−0.766 EMS
Zn2+ + 2e−  → Zn(s)−0.763 EMS
Zn2+ + 2e−  → Zn−0.76 Keefe
Zn2+(aq) + 2e−  → Zn(s)−0.76 Stretton
Cr3+ + 3e−  → Cr(s)−0.744 EMS
Cr3+ + 3e−  → Cr−0.74 Keefe
Cr3−(aq) + 3e−  → Cr(s)−0.74 Stretton
Te(s) + 2H+ + 2e−  → H2Te(g)−0.739 EMS
Co(OH)2(s) + 2e−  → Co(s) + 2OH−−0.73 EMS
Ni3O4(s) + 2H2O + 2e−  → 3HNiO2− + H+−0.718 EMS
Ag2S(s) + 2e− → 2Ag(s) + S2−−0.712 EMS
HgS(s) + 2e−  → Hg + S2−−0.70 EMS
H2BO3− + 4H+ + 3e− → B(s) + 3H2O−0.687 EMS
H2AsO3− + H2O + 3e− → As(s) + 4OH−−0.68 EMS
AsO43− + 3H2O + 2e− → H2AsO3− + 4OH−−0.67 EMS
HgS(s) + 2e−  → Hg(l) + S2−−0.67 EMS
TiO2(s) + 4H+ + e−  → Ti3+ + H2O−0.666 EMS
TlBr(s) + e− → Tl(s) + Br−−0.657 EMS
Nb2O5(s) + 10H+ + 10e−  → 2Nb(s) + 5H2O−0.65 EMS
HSiO3− + 5H+ + 4e− → Si(s) + 3H2O−0.632 EMS
NbO(SO4)2− + 2H+ + 5e−  → Nb(s) + H2O + 2SO42−−0.63 EMS
N3− + 7H2O + 6e−  → N2H4 + NH3(g) + 7OH−−0.62 EMS
U4+ + e−  → U3+−0.61 Keefe
Cd(NH3)42+ + 2e−  → Cd(s) + 4NH3−0.61 EMS
As(s) + 3H+ + 3e−  → AsH3(g)−0.608 EMS
U4+ + e−  → U3+−0.607 EMS
ReO4− + 2H2O + 3e− → ReO2(s) + 4OH−−0.595 EMS
ReO4− + 4H2O + 7e− → Re(s) + 8OH−−0.584 EMS
PbO(s) + H2O(l) + 2e−  → Pb(s) + 2 OH−(aq)−0.58 Stretton
O2 + e−  → O2−−0.56 Keefe
Ga3+ + 3e−  → Ga(s)−0.56 EMS
Ga3+(aq) + 3e−  → Ga(s)−0.56 Stretton
TlCl(s) + e− → Tl(s) + Cl−−0.557 EMS
Al+ + e−  → Al(s)−0.55 EMS
UOH3+ + H+ + e−  → U3+ + H2O−0.538 EMS
S22− + 2e−  → 2S2−−0.524 EMS
Sb(s) + 3H+ + 3e−  → SbH3(g)−0.510 EMS
Se(s) + H+ + 2e−  → HSe−−0.510 EMS
H3PO3 + 3H+ + 3e− → P + 3H2O−0.502 EMS
TiO2(s) + 4H+ + 2e−  → Ti2+ + H2O−0.502 EMS
H3PO3 + 2H+ + 2e− → H3PO2 + H2O−0.499 EMS
In3+ + e−  → In2+−0.49 Keefe
2CO2(g) + 2H+ + 2e−  → H2C2O4−0.49 EMS
Ni(NH3)62+ + 2e−  → Ni(s) + 6NH3−0.49 EMS
S + 2e−  → S2−−0.48 Keefe
S(s) + 2e−  → S2−−0.476 EMS
H2PO3− + 4H+ + 3e− → P + 3H2O−0.467 EMS
Bi2O3(s) + 3H2O + 6e−  → 2Bi(s) + 6OH−−0.46 EMS
SiO32− + 6H+ + 4e− → Si(s) + 3H2O−0.455 EMS
H3PO3 + 3H+ + 3e− → P + 3H2O−0.454 EMS
H2PO4− + H+ + 2e− → HPO32− + H2O−0.447 EMS
Fe2+ + 2e−  → Fe−0.44 Keefe
In3+ + 2e−  → In+−0.44 Keefe
Fe2+ + 2e−  → Fe(s)−0.440 EMS
Fe2+(aq) + 2e−  → Fe(s)−0.44 Stretton
HBO32− + 5H+ + 3e− → B(s) + 3H2O−0.437 EMS
H2PO3− + 4H+ + 3e− → P + 3H2O−0.419 EMS
H3PO4 + 5H+ + 5e− → P + 4H2O−0.411 EMS
Cr3+ + e−  → Cr2+−0.41 Keefe
2H+ + 2e−  → H2(g)−0.41 EMS
Cr3+ + e−  → Cr2+−0.408 EMS
In3+ + 2e−  → In+−0.404 EMS
Cd2+ + 2e−  → Cd(s)−0.403 EMS
Cd2+ + 2e−  → Cd−0.40 Keefe
In2+ + e−  → In+−0.40 Keefe
Ga3+ + 2e−  → Ga+−0.4 EMS
Ni(CN)42− + e−  → Ni(CN)3− + CN−−0.4 EMS
Cd2+(aq) + 2e−  → Cd(s)−0.40 Stretton
Se(s) + 2H+ + 2e−  → H2Se(g)−0.399 EMS
Pb3O4(s) + 2H2O + 2e−  → 3HPbO2− + H+−0.390 EMS
H2PO4− + 6H+ + 5e− → P + 4H2O−0.386 EMS
H3PO4 + 5H+ + 5e− → P + 4H2O−0.383 EMS
SiO2(s) + 8H+ + 8e−  → SiH4(g) + 2H2O−0.377 EMS
NbV + 2e−  → NbIII−0.373 EMS
Ti3+ + e−  → Ti2+−0.37 Keefe
Hg(CN)42− + 2e−  → Hg(l) + 4CN−−0.37 EMS
Se(s) + 2H+ + 2e−  → H2Se(g)−0.369 EMS
Ti3+ + e−  → Ti2+−0.369 EMS
PbSO4 + 2e−  → Pb + SO42−−0.36 Keefe
PbSO4(s) + 2e−  → Pb(s)+ SO42−(aq)−0.36 Stretton
H2PO4− + 6H+ + 5e− → P + 4H2O−0.358 EMS
PbSO4 + 2e−  → Pb(s) + SO42−−0.350 EMS
HPO32− + 5H+ + 3e− → P + 3H2O−0.346 EMS
In3+ + 3e−  → In(s)−0.345 EMS
TlOH + e−  → Tl(s) + OH−−0.344 EMS
NbO3+ + 2H+ + 2e−  → Nb3+ + H2O−0.343 EMS
Tl+ + e−  → Tl−0.34 Keefe
In3+(aq) + 3e−  → In(s)−0.34 Stretton
Tl+(aq) + e−  → Tl(s)−0.34 Stretton
H2SiO3 + 8H+ + 8e− → SiH4(g) + 3H2O−0.339 EMS
Tl+ + e−  → Tl(s)−0.336 EMS
H3PO4 + H+ + 2e−  → H2PO3− + H2O−0.329 EMS
HPO42− + 7H+ + 5e− → P + 4H2O−0.316 EMS
Ag(CN)2− + e−  → Ag(s) + 2CN−−0.31 EMS
HPO32− + 5H+ + 3e− → P + 3H2O−0.298 EMS
GeO(s) + 2H+ + 2e−  → Ge(s) + H2O−0.29 EMS
Pb2+ + 2e−  → Pb(s)−0.29 EMS
HPO42− + 7H+ + 5e− → P + 4H2O−0.288 EMS
H3PO4 + 8H+ + 8e− → PH3(g) + 4H2O−0.281 EMS
Co2+ + 2e−  → Co−0.28 Keefe
Co2+(aq) +2e−  → Co(s)−0.28 Stretton
Co2+ + 2e−  → Co(s)−0.277 EMS
H3PO4 + 2H+ + 2e− → H3PO3 + H2O−0.276 EMS
H2PO4− + 9H+ + 8e− → PH3(g) + 4H2O−0.265 EMS
HSiO3− + 9H+ + 8e− → SiH4(g) + 3H2O−0.265 EMS
V3+ + e−  → V2+−0.26 Keefe
H2PO4− + 2H+ + 2e− → H2PO3− + H2O−0.260 EMS
V3+ + e−  → V2+−0.256 EMS
GeO2(s) + 4H+ + 2e−  → Ge2+ + 2H2O−0.25 EMS
Ni2+ + 2e−  → Ni(s)−0.250 EMS
Ni2+(aq) + 2e−  → Ni(s)−0.25 Stretton
Mn(CN)63− + e−  → Mn(CN)64−−0.244 EMS
HPO42− + 2H+ + 2e− → HPO32− + H2O−0.234 EMS
Ni2+ + 2e−  → Ni−0.23 Keefe
N2(g) + 5H+ + 4e−  → N2H5+−0.23 EMS
HPO42− + 10H+ + 8e− → PH3(g) + 4H2O−0.212 EMS
V3+ + e−  → V2+−0.21 EMS
CO2(g) + 2H+ + 2e−  → HCOOH−0.20 EMS
MoIII + 3e−  → Mo(s)−0.2 EMS
CuI(s) + e− → Cu(s) + I−−0.185 EMS
SiO32− + 10H+ + 8e− → SiH4(g) + 3H2O−0.176 EMS
BO33− + 6H+ + 3e− → B(s) + 3H2O−0.165 EMS
HMnO2− + 3H+ + 2e− → Mn(s) + 2H2O−0.163 EMS
Sn2+ + 2e−  → Sn(s)−0.16 EMS
PO43− + 8H+ + 5e− → P + 4H2O−0.156 EMS
AgI(s) + e− → Ag(s) + I−−0.151 EMS
AgI + e−  → Ag + I−−0.15 Keefe
OsO2(s) + 2H2O + 4e−  → Os(s) + 4OH−−0.15 EMS
AgI(s) + e−  → Ag(s) +I−(aq)−0.15 Stretton
In+ + e−  → In−0.14 Keefe
Sn2+ + 2e−  → Sn−0.14 Keefe
Pb2+ + 2e−  → Pb(s)−0.14 EMS
Sn2+(aq) + 2e−  → Sn(s)−0.14 Stretton
Sn2+ + 2e−  → Sn(s)−0.136 EMS
TiO2+ + 2H+ + 2e−  → Ti2+ + H2O−0.135 EMS
Pb2+ + 2e−  → Pb−0.13 Keefe
CrO42− + 4H2O + 3e− → Cr(OH)3(s) + 5OH−−0.13 EMS
H2GeO3 + 4H+ + 4e− → Ge(s) + 3H2O−0.13 EMS
Pb2+(aq) + 2e−  → Pb(s)−0.13 Stretton
PO43− + 8H+ + 5e− → P + 4H2O−0.128 EMS
Pb2+ + 2e−  → Pb(s)−0.126 EMS
PO43− + 11H+ + 8e− → PH3(g) + 4H2O−0.123 EMS
CO2(g) + 2H+ + 2e−  → CO(g) + H2O−0.12 EMS
Cu(NH3)2+ + e−  → Cu(s) + 2NH3−0.12 EMS
WO2(s) + 4H+ + 4e−  → W(s) + 2H2O−0.12 EMS
P + 3H+ + 3e−  → PH3(g)−0.111 EMS
NbO(SO4)2− + 2H+ + 2e−  → Nb3+ + H2O + 2SO42−−0.1 EMS
TiIV + e−  → TiIII−0.092 EMS
WO3(s) + 6H+ + 6e−  → W(s) + 3H2O−0.09 EMS
VOH2+ + H+ + e−  → V2+ + H2O−0.082 EMS
O2 + H2O + 2e−  → HO2− + OH−−0.08 Keefe
Cu(NH3)42+ + 2e−  → Cu(s) + 4NH3−0.07 EMS
S(s) + H+ + 2e−  → HS−−0.065 EMS
P + 3H+ + 3e−  → PH3(g)−0.063 EMS
HZnO2− + 3H+ + 2e− → Zn(s) + 2H2O−0.054 EMS
VO2+ + e−  → VO+−0.044 EMS
Fe3+ + 3e−  → Fe−0.04 Keefe
Fe3+ + 3e−  → Fe(s)−0.04 EMS
Hg2I2(s) + 2e−  → 2Hg(l) + 2I−−0.04 EMS
Ag2S(s) + 2H+ + 2e−  → 2Ag(s) + H2S(g)−0.036 EMS
W2O5(s) + 2H+ + 2e−  → 2WO2(s) + H2O−0.031 EMS
2WO3(s) + 2H+ + 2e−  → W2O5(s) + H2O−0.029 EMS
Cu(NH3)42+ + e−  → Cu(NH3)2+ + 2NH3−0.01 EMS
GeO2(s) + 4H+ + 4e−  → Ge + 2H2O−0.01 EMS
2H+ + 2e−  → H2(g)−0.005 EMS
2H+ + 2e−  → H2(g)−0.005 EMS
2H+ + 2e−  → H20 Keefe
Ti4+ + e−  → Ti3+0.00 Keefe
Ge2+ + 2e−  → Ge(s)0.00 EMS
2H+ + 2e−  → H2(g)0.000 EMS
2 H+(aq) + 2e−  → H2(g)0.00 Stretton
S52− + 5H+ + 8e−  → 5HS−+0.003 EMS
Sn4+ + 4e−  → Sn(s)+0.01 EMS
Ag(S2O3)23− + e− → Ag(s) + 2S2O32−+0.017 EMS
Tl2O3 + 3H2O + 4e− → 2Tl+ + 6OH−+0.02 EMS
S2O62− + 2e−  → 2SO32−+0.026 EMS
S42− + 4H+ + 6e−  → 4HS−+0.033 EMS
TiO2+ + 2H+ + e−  → Ti3+ + H2O+0.04 EMS
WO42− + 8H+ + 6e− → W(s) + 4H2O+0.049 EMS
SeO42− + H2O + 2e− → SeO32− + 2OH−+0.05 EMS
UO22+ + e−  → UO2++0.052 EMS
N2(g) + 6H+ + 6e−  → 2NH3(g)+0.057 EMS
Pd(OH)2(s) + 2e−  → Pd(s) + 2OH−+0.07 EMS
AgBr(s) + e−  → Ag(s)+ Br−(aq)+0.07 Stretton
AgBr + e−  → Ag + Br−+0.0713 Keefe
AgBr(s) + e− → Ag(s) + Br−+0.073 EMS
O2(g) + H2O + 2e−  → HO2− + OH−+0.076 EMS
S4O62− + 2e−  → 2S2O32−+0.08 EMS
N2(g) + 2H2O + 6H+ + 6e−  → 2NH·H2O+0.092 EMS
S32− + 3H+ + 4e−  → 3HS−+0.097 EMS
TiO2+ + 2H+ + e−  → Ti3+ + H2O+0.099 EMS
NO3− + H2O + 2e−  → NO2− + 2OH−+0.10 Keefe
Co(NH3)63+ + e−  → Co(NH3)62++0.1 EMS
HgO(s) + H2O + 2e−  → Hg(l) + 2OH−+0.10 EMS
IrO2(s) + 2H2O + 4e−  → Ir(s) + 4OH−+0.1 EMS
Ir2O3 + 3H2O + 6e− → 2Ir(s) + 6OH−+0.1 EMS
Mn(OH)3(s) + e−  → Mn(OH)2(s) + 2OH−+0.1 EMS
OsO42− + 2H2O + 2e− → OsO2(s) + 4OH−+0.1 EMS
Si(s) + 4H+ + 4e−  → SiH4(g)+0.102 EMS
PO43− + 3H+ + 2e− → HPO32− + H2O+0.121 EMS
TeO2+ + 5H+ + 6e− → H2Te(g) + 2H2O+0.121 EMS
VO+ + 2H+ + e−  → V2+ + H2O+0.126 EMS
Te4+ + 2H+ + 6e−  → H2Te(g)+0.132 EMS
Hg2Br2(s) + 2e−  → 2Hg(l) + 2Br−+0.14 EMS
Sn4+ + 2e−  → Sn2++0.14 EMS
S(s) + 2H+(aq) + 2e−  → H2S(g)+0.14 Stretton
S(s) + 2H+ + 2e−  → H2S(g)+0.141 EMS
SO42− + 8H+ + 8e− → S2− + 4H2O+0.149 EMS
Sn4+ + 2e−  → Sn2++0.15 Keefe
Pt(OH)2(s) + 2e−  → Pt(s) + 2OH−+0.15 EMS
Sn4+(aq) + 2e−  → Sn2+(aq)+0.15 Stretton
Sb2O3(s) + 6H+ + 6e−  → 2Sb(s) + 3H2O+0.152 EMS
Cu2+ + e−  → Cu++0.153 EMS
MoO42− + 8H+ + 6e− → Mo(s) + 4H2O+0.154 EMS
Sn4+ + 2e−  → Sn2++0.154 EMS
Cu2+ + e−  → Cu++0.16 Keefe
BiOCl(s) + 2H+ + 3e−  → Bi(s) + H2O + Cl−+0.160 EMS
BiCl4− + 3e−  → Bi(s) + 4Cl−+0.16 EMS
Cu2+(aq) + e−  → Cu+(aq)+0.16 Stretton
V2O3 + 6H+ + 2e−  → 2V2+ + 3H2O+0.161 EMS
VO2+ + H+ + e−  → VOH2++0.164 EMS
S4O62−(aq) + 2e−  → 2 S2O32−(aq)+0.169 Stretton
CoO(OH)(s) + H2O + e−  → Co(OH)2(s) + OH−+0.17 EMS
SO42− + 4H+ + 2e− → H2SO3 + H2O+0.172 EMS
SO42−(aq) + 4H+(aq)+ 2e−  → H2SO3(aq) + H2O(l)+0.172 Stretton
Bi3+ + 3e−  → Bi+0.20 Keefe
2Cu2+ + H2O + 2e−  → Cu2O(s) + 2H++0.20 EMS
MnO2(s) + 4H+ + 2e−  → Mn2+ + 2H2O+0.21 EMS
SbO+ + 2H+ + 3e−  → Sb(s) + H2O+0.212 EMS
Bi3+ + 3e−  → Bi(s)+0.215 EMS
AgCl + e−  → Ag + Cl−+0.22 Keefe
AgCl(s) + e− → Ag(s) + Cl−+0.222 EMS
AgCl(s) + e−  → Ag(s)+ Cl−(aq)+0.2223 Stretton
Ag+ + e−  → Ag(s)+0.228 EMS
AgCl(s) + e− → Ag(s) + Cl−+0.228 EMS
HSbO2 + 3H+ + 3e−  → Sb(s) + 2H2O+0.230 EMS
SO32− + 6H+ + 6e− → S2− + 3H2O+0.231 EMS
As2O3(s) + 6H+ + 6e−  → 2As(s) + 3H2O+0.234 EMS
Hg2Cl2(s) + 2e−  → 2Hg(l) + 2Cl−+0.244 EMS
V2O4 + 4H+ + 2e−  → 2VO+ + 2H2O+0.246 EMS
H3AsO3 + 3H+ + 3e− → As(s) + 3H2O+0.248 EMS
Pb3O4(s) + H2O + 2e−  → 3PbO(s) + 2OH−+0.249 EMS
PbO(s) + 2H+ + 2e−  → Pb(s) + H2O+0.249 EMS
PbO2(s) + H2O(l) + 2e−  → PbO(s) + 2 OH−(aq)+0.25 Stretton
SO42− + 9H+ + 8e− → HS− + 4H2O+0.252 EMS
AsO+ + 2H+ + 3e−  → As(s) + H2O+0.254 EMS
BiOH2+ + H+ + 3e−  → Bi(s) + H2O+0.254 EMS
ReO2(s) + 4H+ + 4e−  → Re(s) + 2H2O+0.26 EMS
U3O8(s) + 4H+ + 4e−  → 3UO2 + 2H2O+0.260 EMS
Hg2Cl2(s) + 2e−  → 2Hg(l) + 2Cl−+0.268 EMS
Hg2Cl2 + 2e−  → 2Hg + Cl−+0.27 Keefe
Hg2Cl2(s) + 2e−  → 2 Hg(l)+ 2 Cl−(aq)+0.27 Stretton
Hg22+ + 2e−  → 2Hg(l)+0.274 EMS
N2(g) + 8H+ + 6e−  → 2NH4++0.275 EMS
SeO32− + 6H+ + 6e− → Se2− + 3H2O+0.276 EMS
Hg2Cl2(s) + 2e−  → 2Hg(l) + 2Cl−+0.282 EMS
HSO4− + 9H+ + 8e− → H2S(g) + 4H2O+0.289 EMS
Cr2O72− + 14H+ + 12e− → 2Cr(s) + 7H2O+0.29 EMS
3PbO2(s) + 2H2O + 4e−  → Pb3O4(s) + 4OH−+0.295 EMS
S22− + 2H+ + 2e−  → 2HS−+0.298 EMS
UO22+ + 3H+ + 2e− → UOH3+ + H2O+0.299 EMS
HOsO5− + 2e−  → OsO42− + OH−+0.3 EMS
Re3+ +3e−  → Re(s)+0.3 EMS
RuCl5− + 2e−  → Ru2+ + 5Cl−+0.3 EMS
SO42− + 10H+ + 8e− → H2S(g) + 4H2O+0.303 EMS
BiO+ + 2H+ + 3e−  → Bi(s) + H2O+0.320 EMS
2HCNO + 2H+ + 2e−  → (CN)2(g) + 2H2O+0.33 EMS
ClO3− + H2O + 2e− → ClO2− + 2OH−+0.33 EMS
HSnO2− + 3H+ + 2e− → Sn(s) + 2H2O+0.333 EMS
Hg2Cl2(s) + 2e−  → 2Hg(l) + 2Cl−+0.334 EMS
UO22+ + 4H+ + 2e− → U4+ + 2H2O+0.334 EMS
Cu2+ + 2e−  → Cu(s)+0.337 EMS
HSO4− + 7H+ + 6e− → S(s) + 4H2O+0.339 EMS
Cu2+ + 2e−  → Cu+0.34 Keefe
In3+ + 3e−  → In+0.34 Keefe
Cu2+(aq) + 2e−  → Cu(s)+0.34 Stretton
Ag2O(s) + H2O + 2e−  → 2Ag(s) + 2OH−+0.342 EMS
HSeO3− + 6H+ + 6e− → HSe− + 3H2O+0.349 EMS
SbO3− + 2H+ + 2e− → SbO2− + H2O+0.353 EMS
SO42− + 8H+ + 6e− → S(s) + 4H2O+0.357 EMS
VO2+ + 2H+ + e−  → V3+ + H2O+0.359 EMS
ClO4− + H2O + 2e−  → ClO3− + 2OH−+0.36 Keefe
[Fe(CN)6]3− + e−  → [Fe(CN)4]4−+0.36 Keefe
ClO4− + H2O + 2e− → ClO3− + 2OH−+0.36 EMS
CrO42− + 2H+ + 3e− → CrO33− + H2O+0.36 EMS
Fe(CN)63− + e−  → Fe(CN)64−+0.36 EMS
H2SeO3 + 6H+ + 6e− → H2Se(g) + 3H2O+0.360 EMS
HTiO2− + 5H+ + 2e− → Ti2+ + 3H2O+0.362 EMS
(CN)2(g) + 2H+ + 2e−  → 2HCN+0.37 EMS
ReO4− + 8H+ + 7e− → Re(s) + 4H2O+0.37 EMS
SnO32− + 3H+ + 2e− → HSnO2− + H2O+0.374 EMS
H4P2O6 + 2H+ + 2e− → 2H3PO3+0.38 EMS
HSeO3− + 7H+ + 6e− → H2Se(g) + 3H2O+0.386 EMS
WO42− + 4H+ + e−  → WO2(s) + 2H2O+0.386 EMS
HMoO4− + 7H+ + 3e− → Mo3+ + 4H2O+0.390 EMS
O2 + 2H2O + 4e−  → 4OH−+0.40 Keefe
2ClO− + 2H2O + 2e−  → Cl2(g) + 4OH−+0.40 EMS
H2MoO4(aq) + 2H+ + e−  → MoO2+ + 2H2O+0.4 EMS
OsCl63− + e−  → Os2+ + 6Cl−+0.4 EMS
O2(g) + 2H2O + 4e−  → 4OH−+0.401 EMS
O2(g) + 2 H2O(l) + 4e−  → 4 OH−(aq)+0.401 Stretton
SeO32− + 7H+ + 6e− → HSe− + 3H2O+0.414 EMS
S4O62− + 12H+ + 10e− → 4S(s) + 6H2O+0.416 EMS
Hg2C2O4(s) + 2e−  → 2Hg(l) + C2O42−+0.42 EMS
H2AsO3− + 4H+ + 3e− → As(s) + 3H2O+0.429 EMS
HMoO4− + 3H+ + 2e− → MoO2 + 2H2O+0.429 EMS
MoVI + e−  → MoV+0.43 EMS
RhCl63− + 3e−  → Rh(s) + 6Cl−+0.44 EMS
ZnO22− + 4H+ + 2e− → Zn(s) + 2H2O+0.441 EMS
Ag2CrO4(s) + 2e−  → 2Ag(s) + CrO42−+0.446 EMS
SbO2− + 4H+ + 3e− → Sb(s) + 2H2O+0.446 EMS
Ag2CrO4 + 2e−  → 2Ag + CrO42−+0.45 Keefe
2BrO− + 2H2O + 2e−  → Br2(l) + 4OH−+0.45 EMS
Ru2+ + 2e−  → Ru(s)+0.45 EMS
H2SO3 + 4H+ + 4e− → S(s) + 3H2O+0.450 EMS
UO22+ + 2e−  → UO2(s)+0.45 EMS
SO2(aq) + 4 H+(aq) + 4e−  → S(s) + 2 H2O(l)+0.45 Stretton
SO2(g) + 4H+ + 4e−  → S(s) + 2H2O+0.451 EMS
W(CN)83− + e−  → W(CN)84−+0.457 EMS
NiOOH + H2O + e−  → Ni(OH)2 + OH−+0.49 Keefe
HFeO2− + 3H+ + 2e− → Fe(s) + 2H2O+0.49 EMS
NiO2(s) + 2H2O + 2e−  → Ni(OH)2(s) + 2OH−+0.49 EMS
NiO2(s) + 2 H2O(l) + 2e−  → Ni(OH)2 + 2 OH−(aq)+0.49 Stretton
2HSO3− + 4H+ + 4e− → S2O32− + 3H2O+0.491 EMS
MoO42− + 8H+ + 3e− → Mo3+ + 4H2O+0.508 EMS
4H2SO3 + 4H+ + 6e− → S4O62− + 6H2O+0.509 EMS
MnO42− + 2H2O + 2e− → MnO2(s) + 4OH−+0.51 EMS
N2O(g) + H2O + 8H+ + 8e−  → 2NH·H2O+0.510 EMS
ReO4− + 4H+ + 3e− → ReO2(s) + 2H2O+0.51 EMS
Cu+ + e−  → Cu+0.52 Keefe
Cu+ + e−  → Cu(s)+0.521 EMS
I3− + 3e−  → 3I−+0.53 Keefe
I2(s) + 2e− → 2I−+0.535 EMS
I3− + 2e−  → 3I−+0.536 EMS
I2 + 2e−  → 2I−+0.54 Keefe
Cu2+ + Cl− + e−  → CuCl(s)+0.54 EMS
I2(s) + 2e−  → 2 I−(aq)+0.54 Stretton
UO2+ + 3H+ + e−  → UOH3+ + H2O+0.546 EMS
H3AsO4 + 3H+ + 2e− → AsO+ + 3H2O+0.55 EMS
HTeO2+ + 3H+ + 4e− → Te(s) + 2H2O+0.551 EMS
H3AsO4 + 2H+ + 2e− → H3AsO3 + H2O+0.559 EMS
MnO4− + e−  → MnO42−+0.56 Keefe
MnO4− + e−  → MnO42−+0.564 EMS
Te4+ + 4e−  → Te(s)+0.568 EMS
H3AsO4 + 2H+ + 2e− → H3AsO3 + H2O+0.577 EMS
H3AsO4 + 2H+ + 2e− → H3AsO3 + H2O+0.577 EMS
2H3AsO4 + 4H+ + 4e− → As2O3(s) + 5H2O+0.58 EMS
4HSO3− + 8H+ + 6e− → S4O62− + 6H2O+0.581 EMS
Sb2O5(s) + 6H+ + 4e−  → 2SbO+ + 3 H2O+0.581 EMS
HTeO4− + H+ + 2e− → TeO32− + H2O+0.584 EMS
MnO4− + 2H2O + 3e− → MnO2(s) + 4OH−+0.588 EMS
RuO4− + e−  → RuO42−+0.59 EMS
2AgO(s) + H2O + 2e−  → Ag2O + OH−+0.599 EMS
MnO42− + 2H2O + 2e−  → MnO2 + 4OH−+0.60 Keefe
MoO42− + 4H+ + 2e− → MoO2 + 2H2O+0.606 EMS
HAsO42− + 3H+ + 2e− → H2AsO3− + H2O+0.609 EMS
BrO3− + 3H2O + 6e− → Br− + 6OH−+0.61 EMS
UO2+ + 4H+ + e−  → U4+ + 2H2O+0.612 EMS
Hg2SO4(s) + 2e−  → 2Hg(l) + SO42−+0.615 EMS
I2(aq) + 2e− → 2I−+0.615 EMS
Hg2SO4 + 2e−  → 2Hg + SO42−+0.62 Keefe
CuO + 2H+ + e−  → Cu+ + H2O+0.62 EMS
PbO2(s) + H+ + 2e−  → HPbO2−+0.621 EMS
H2TeO4 + H+ + 2e− → HTeO3− + H2O+0.631 EMS
Cu2+ + Br− + e−  → CuBr(s)+0.64 EMS
N2O(g) + 10H+ + 8e−  → 2NH4+ + H2O+0.647 EMS
AsO43− + 8H+ + 5e− → As(s) + 4H2O+0.648 EMS
HNiO2− + 3H+ + 2e− → Ni(s) + 2H2O+0.648 EMS
ClO2− + H2O + 2e− → ClO− + 2OH−+0.66 EMS
H2AsO4− + 3H+ + 2e− → H3AsO3 + H2O+0.666 EMS
Hg22+ + 2e−  → 2Hg(l)+0.674 EMS
SbO3− + 3H+ + 2e− → HSbO2 + H2O+0.678 EMS
Fe3+ + e−  → Fe2++0.68 EMS
PtCl62− + 2e−  → PtCl42− + 2Cl−+0.68 EMS
RuCl3 + 3e−  → Ru(s) + 3Cl−+0.68 EMS
O2(g) + 2H+ + 2e−  → H2O2+0.682 EMS
2H2AsO4− + 6H+ + 4e− → As2O3(s) + 5H2O+0.687 EMS
O2(g) + 2H+(aq) + 2e−  → H2O2(aq)+0.69 Stretton
Sb2O5(s) + 4H+ + 4e−  → Sb2O3(s) + 2H2O+0.692 EMS
C6H4O2 + 2H+ + 2e− → C6H4(OH)2+0.696 EMS
C6H4O2 + 2H+ + 2e− → C6H4(OH)2+0.696 EMS
C6H4O2 + 2H+ + 2e− → C6H4(OH)2+0.696 EMS
C6H4O2 + 2H+ + 2e− → C6H4(OH)2+0.699 EMS
Fe3+ + e−  → Fe2++0.700 EMS
HPbO2− + 3H+ + 2e− → Pb(s) + 2H2O+0.702 EMS
SbO3− + 4H+ + 2e− → SbO+ + 2H2O+0.704 EMS
2SO32− + 6H+ + 4e− → S2O32− + 3H2O+0.705 EMS
Fe(CN)63− + e−  → Fe(CN)64−+0.71 EMS
OsCl63− + 3e−  → Os(s) + 6Cl−+0.71 EMS
HTeO3− + 5H+ + 4e− → Te(s) + 3H2O+0.713 EMS
Fe(CN)63− + e−  → Fe(CN)64−+0.72 EMS
Fe(CN)63− + e−  → Fe(CN)64−+0.72 EMS
SbO2− + 2H+ + 2e− → SbO− + H2O+0.720 EMS
NO(g) + 5H+ + 5e−  → NH·H2O+0.727 EMS
PdO2 (s)+ H2O + 2e−  → PdO(s) + 2OH−+0.73 EMS
Pd(OH)4(s) + 2e−  → Pd(OH)2(s) + 2OH−+0.73 EMS
PtCl42− + 2e−  → Pt(s) + 4Cl−+0.73 EMS
Fe3+ + e−  → Fe2++0.732 EMS
H2SeO3 + 4H+ + 4e− → Se(s) + 3H2O+0.740 EMS
SbV + 2e−  → SbIII+0.746 EMS
BrO− + H2O + 2e−  → Br− + 2OH−+0.76 Keefe
BrO− + H2O + 2e−  → Br− + 2OH−+0.76 EMS
NiS(s) + 2e−  → Ni(s) + S2−+0.76 EMS
Fe3+ + e−  → Fe2++0.77 Keefe
Ag+ + e−  → Ag(s)+0.77 EMS
IrCl63− + 3e−  → Ir(s) + 6Cl−+0.77 EMS
ReO4− + 2H+ + e−  → ReO3(s) + 2H2O+0.77 EMS
Fe3+(aq) + e−  → Fe2+(aq)+0.77 Stretton
Fe3+ + e−  → Fe2++0.771 EMS
2SbO3− + 6H+ + 4e− → Sb2O3(s) + 3H2O+0.772 EMS
NO3− + 2H+ + e−  → NO2(g) + H2O+0.775 EMS
Hg22+ + 2e−  → 2Hg(l)+0.776 EMS
HSeO3− + 5H+ + 4e− → Se(s) + 3H2O+0.778 EMS
AgF + e−  → Ag + F−+0.78 Keefe
Hg22+ + 2e−  → 2Hg(l)+0.788 EMS
3I2 + 2e−  → 2I3−+0.789 EMS
NO2− + 7H+ + 6e−  → NH3(g) + 2H2O+0.789 EMS
Hg22+ + 2e−  → 2Hg+0.79 Keefe
RuO2(s) + 4H+ + 4e−  → Ru(s) + 2H2O+0.79 EMS
Ag+ + e−  → Ag(s)+0.792 EMS
Ag+ + e−  → Ag(s)+0.799 EMS
Ag+ + e−  → Ag</td>+0.80 Keefe
NO3− + 2H+ + e−  → NO2 + H2O+0.80 Keefe
2NO3− + 4H+ + 2e− → N2O4(g) + 2H2O+0.80 EMS
Rh3+ + 3e−  → Rh(s)+0.8 EMS
2 NO3−(aq) + 4 H+(aq)+ 2e−  → 2 NO2(g) + 2H2O(l)+0.80 Stretton
Ag+(aq) + e−  → Ag(s)+0.80 Stretton
2WO42− + 6H+ + 2e− → W2O5(s) + 3H2O+0.801 EMS
AuBr4− + 2e−  → AuBr2− + 2Br−+0.805 EMS
NO2− + 7H+ + 6e−  → NH·H2O + H2O+0.806 EMS
HTeO4− + 2H+ + 2e− → HTeO3− + H2O+0.813 EMS
O2(g) + 4H+ + 4e−  → 2H2O+0.815 EMS
SbV + 2e−  → SbIII+0.818 EMS
TeO32− + 6H+ + 4e− → Te(s) + 3H2O+0.827 EMS
IrCl62− + 4e−  → Ir(s) + 6Cl−+0.835 EMS
NO3− + 2H+ + 2e−  → NO2− + H2O+0.835 EMS
NO(g) + 6H+ + 5e−  → NH4+ + H2O+0.836 EMS
SnO32− + 6H+ + 2e− → Sn2+ + 3H2O+0.844 EMS
Os2+ + 2e−  → Os(s)+0.85 EMS
OsO4(s) + 8H+ + 8e−  → Os(s) + 4H2O+0.85 EMS
OsCl62− + e−  → OsCl63−+0.85 EMS
Hg2+ + 2e−  → Hg(l)+0.854 EMS
AuBr4− + 3e−  → Au(s) + 4Br−+0.858 EMS
Hg2+ + 2e−  → Hg+0.86 Keefe
Cu2+ + I− + e−  → CuI(s)+0.86 EMS
HNO2 + 7H+ + 6e−  → NH4+ + 2H2O+0.864 EMS
Rh2O3(s) + 6H+ + 6e−  → 2Rh(s) + 3H2O+0.87 EMS
HO2−(aq) + H2O(l)+ 2e−  → 3 OH−(aq)+0.87 Stretton
SeO32− + 6H+ + 4e− → Se(s) + 3H2O+0.875 EMS
HO2− + H2O + 2e−  → 3OH−+0.88 EMS
HO2− + H2O + 2e−  → 3OH−+0.88 EMS
SeO42− + 2H+ + 2e− → SeO32− + H2O+0.880 EMS
HAsO42− + 4H+ + 2e− → H3AsO3 + H2O+0.881 EMS
ClO− + H2O + 2e−  → Cl− + 2OH−+0.89 Keefe
TeO42− + 2H+ + 2e− → TeO32− + H2O+0.892 EMS
NO2(g) + e− → NO2−+0.893 EMS
2HAsO42− + 8H+ + 4e− → As2O3(s) + 5H2O+0.901 EMS
2Hg2+ + 2e−  → Hg22++0.907 EMS
FeOH2+ + H+ + e−  → Fe2+ + H2O+0.91 EMS
2 Hg2+(aq) + 2e−  → Hg22+(aq)+0.91 Stretton
PuO22+ + e−  → PuO2++0.916 EMS
2Hg2+ + 2e−  → Hg22++0.92 Keefe
2Hg2+ + 2e−  → Hg22++0.920 EMS
NO3− + 3H+ + 2e−  → HNO2 + H2O+0.92 EMS
H2TeO4 + 6H+ + 2e− → Te4+ + 4H2O+0.920 EMS
AuCl4− + 2e−  → AuCl2− + 2Cl−+0.926 EMS
HgO(s) + 2H+ + 2e−  → Hg(l) + H2O+0.93 EMS
IrO2(s) + 4H+ + 4e−  → Ir(s) + H2O+0.93 EMS
NO3− + 3H+ + 2e−  → HNO2 + H2O+0.94 EMS
NO3−(aq) + 3 H+(aq)+ 2e−  → HNO2(g) + H2O(l)+0.94 Stretton
MnO2(s) + 4H+ + e−  → Mn3+ + 2H2O+0.948 EMS
CrO42− + 4H+ + 3e− → CrO2− + 2H2O+0.95 EMS
PdO2(s) + 2H+ + 2e−  → PdO(s) + H2O+0.95 EMS
H2TeO4 + 3H+ + 2e− → HTeO2+ + 2H2O+0.953 EMS
NO3− + 4H+ + 3e−  → NO + 2H2O+0.96 Keefe
NO3− + 4H+ + 3e−  → NO(g) + H2O+0.96 EMS
PdCl62− + 4e−  → Pd(s) + 6Cl−+0.96 EMS
NO3−(aq) + 4 H+(aq)+ 3e−  → NO(g) + 2 H2O(l)+0.96 Stretton
AuBr2− + e−  → Au(s) + 2Br−+0.963 EMS
Pu4+ + e−  → Pu3++0.97 Keefe
Pu4+ + e−  → Pu3++0.970 EMS
IO3− + 4H+ + 4e−  → IO− + 2H2O+0.972 EMS
Pt(OH)2(s) + 2H+ + 2e−  → Pt(s) + 2H2O+0.98 EMS
HIO + H+ + 2e−  → I− + H2O+0.987 EMS
Pd2+ + 2e−  → Pd(s)+0.987 EMS
PdBr62− + 2e−  → PdBr42− + 2Br−+0.994 EMS
V2O5 + 6H+ + 2e−  → 2VO2+ + 3H2O+0.998 EMS
FeO42− + 5H+ + 3e− → HFeO2 + 2H2O+1.00 EMS
HNO2 + H+ + e−  → NO(g) + H2O+1.00 EMS
OsO4(s) + 8H+ + 6Cl− + 4e−  → OsCl62− + 4H2O+1.0 EMS
RuO4(s) + e− → RuO4−+1.00 EMS
VO2+ + 2H+ + e−  → VO2+ + H2O+1.00 EMS
V(OH)4+ + 2H+ + e− → VO2+ + 3H2O+1.00 EMS
AuCl4− + 3e−  → Au(s) + 4Cl−+1.002 EMS
2IBr(aq) + 2e− → I2(s) + 2Br−+1.02 EMS
H2TeO4 + 2H+ + 2e− → TeO2(s) + 2H2O+1.020 EMS
Te(OH)6(s) + 2H+ + 2e−  → TeO2(s) + 4H2O+1.02 EMS
V(OH)4+ + 2H+ + e− → VO2+ + 3H2O+1.02 EMS
V(OH)4+ + 2H+ + e− → VO2+ + 3H2O+1.02 EMS
IrCl62− + e−  → IrCl63−+1.026 EMS
PuO22+ + 4H+ + 2e− → Pu4+ + 2H2O+1.04 EMS
NO2(g) + 2H+ + 2e−  → NO(g) + H2O+1.049 EMS
Br3− + 2e−  → 3Br−+1.05 EMS
2ICl2− + 2e−  → I2(s) + 4Cl−+1.056 EMS
Fe(C12H8N2)33+ + e−  → Fe(C12H8N2)32++1.06 EMS
Br2(l) + 2e− → 2Br−+1.065 EMS
Br2(aq) + 2e−  → 2 Br−(aq)+1.07 Stretton
SeO42− + 3H+ + 2e− → HSeO3− + H2O+1.075 EMS
HIO3 + 5H+ + 6e−  → I− + 3H2O+1.078 EMS
Br2(aq) + 2e− → 2Br−+1.087 EMS
Br2 + 2e−  → 2Br−+1.09 Keefe
HSeO4− + 3H+ + 2e− → H2SeO3 + H2O+1.090 EMS
NO2(g) + H+ + e−  → HNO2+1.093 EMS
PtO2(s) + 2H+ + 2e−  → Pt(OH)2(s)+1.1 EMS
HCuO2− + 3H+ + 2e− → Cu(s) + 2H2O+1.13 EMS
Cr2O72− + 10H+ + 6e− → 2Cr(OH)2+ + 3H2O+1.14 EMS
3HIO3 + 15H+ + 16e−  → I3− + 9H2O+1.145 EMS
Ir3+ + 3e−  → Ir(s)+1.15 EMS
SeO42− + 4H+ + 2e− → H2SeO3 + H2O+1.15 EMS
AuCl2− + e−  → Au(s) + 2Cl−+1.154 EMS
IO3− + 6H+ + 4e−  → I+ + 3H2O+1.155 EMS
2HIO3 + 10H+ + 10e−  → I2(s) + 6H2O+1.169 EMS
Ag2O(s) + 2H+ + 2e−  → 2Ag(s) + H2O+1.173 EMS
2IO3− + 12H+ + 10e− → I2(aq) + 6H2O+1.178 EMS
ClO4− + 2H+ + 2e− → ClO3− + H2O+1.19 EMS
Fe(OH)2+ + 2H+ + e− → Fe2+ + 2H2O+1.19 EMS
2ICl + 2e−  → I2(s) + 2Cl−+1.19 EMS
PdO2(s) + 4H+ + 2e−  → Pd2+ + 2H2O+1.194 EMS
2IO3− + 12H+ + 10e− → I2(s) + 6H2O+1.196 EMS
Pt2+ + 2e−  → Pt+1.20 Keefe
HCrO4− + 7H+ + 3e− → Cr3+ + 4H2O+1.20 EMS
Pt2+ + 2e−  → Pt(s)+1.2 EMS
Pt2+(aq) + 2e−  → Pt(s)+1.20 Stretton
NO2− + 2H+ + e−  → NO(g) + H2O+1.202 EMS
HTeO4− + 3H+ + 2e− → TeO2(s) + 2H2O+1.202 EMS
ClO3− + 3H+ + 2e− → HClO2 + H2O+1.21 EMS
3HIO + 3H+ + 4e−  → I3− + 3H2O+1.213 EMS
HIO4 + 7H+ + 8e−  → I− + 4H2O+1.215 EMS
2ICl(s) + 2e− → I2(s) + 2Cl−+1.22 EMS
MnO2(s) + 4H+ + 2e−  → Mn2+ + 2H2O+1.22 EMS
PdO3(s) + 2H+ + 2e−  → PdO2(s) + H2O+1.22 EMS
2NO2(g) + 6H+ + 6e−  → N2O(g) + 3H2O+1.229 EMS
O2(g) + 4H+ + 4e−  → 2H2O+1.229 EMS
ClO4− + 2H+ + 2e−  → ClO3− + H2O+1.23 Keefe
MnO2 + 4H+ + 2e−  → Mn2+ + 2H2O+1.23 Keefe
O2 + 4H+ + 4e−  → 2H2O+1.23 Keefe
MnO2(s) + 4H+ + 2e−  → Mn2+ + 2H2O+1.23 EMS
MnO2(s) + 4 H+(aq) + 2e−  → Mn2+(aq) + 2 H2O(l)+1.23 Stretton
O2(g) + 4 H+(aq) + 4e−  → 2 H2O(l)+1.23 Stretton
MnO42− + 5H+ + 2e− → HMnO2− + 2H2O+1.234 EMS
IO4− + 7H+ + 6e−  → HIO + 3H2O+1.235 EMS
2VO43− + 10H+ + 4e− → V2O3 + 5H2O+1.238 EMS
O3 + 2H+ + 2e−  → O2 + H2O+1.24 Keefe
IO3− + 2Cl− + 6H+ + 4e−  → ICl2− + 3H2O+1.24 EMS
O3(g) + H2O + 2e−  → O2(g) + 2OH−+1.24 EMS
O3(g) + H2O(l) + 2e−  → O2(g) + 2 OH−(aq)+1.24 Stretton
Tl3+ + 2e−  → Tl++1.25 EMS
VO43− + 6H+ + 2e− → VO+ + 3H2O+1.256 EMS
Cr2O72− + 12H+ + 6e− → 2CrOH2+ + 5H2O+1.26 EMS
2AsO43− + 10H+ + 4e− → As2O3(s) + 5H2O+1.27 EMS
3HIO4 + 21H+ + 22e−  → I3− + 12H2O+1.276 EMS
HCrO4− + 6H+ + 3e− → CrOH2+ + 3H2O+1.28 EMS
CrO42− + 6H+ + 3e− → Cr(OH)2+ + 2H2O+1.28 EMS
2Hg(OH)2(s) + 4H+ + 2e−  → Hg22+ + 4H2O+1.28 EMS
2ICl3(s) + 6e− → I2(s) + 6Cl−+1.28 EMS
HIO52− + 9H+ + 8e− → I− + 5H2O+1.288 EMS
PdCl62− + 2e−  → PdCl42− + 2Cl−+1.288 EMS
HIO4 + 6H+ + 6e−  → HIO + 3H2O+1.290 EMS
2HNO2 + 4H+ + 4e−  → N2O(g) + 3H2O+1.297 EMS
2HIO4 + 14H+ + 14e−  → I2(s) + 8H2O+1.300 EMS
TiO22+ + H+ + 4e− → HTiO2−+1.303 EMS
IO− + 2H+ + 2e−  → I− + H2O+1.313 EMS
Cr2O72− +14H+ + 6e−  → 2Cr3+ + 7H2O+1.33 Keefe
HBrO3 + 3H+ + 4e−  → BrO− + 2H2O+1.33 EMS
Cr2O72− + 14H+ + 6e− → 2Cr3+ + 7H2O+1.33 EMS
Cr2O72−(aq) + 14 H+(aq)+ 6e−  → 2 Cr3+(aq) + 7 H2O(l)+1.33 Stretton
2HIO + 2H+ + 2e−  → I2(s) + 2H2O+1.354 EMS
3HIO52− + 27H+ + 22e− → I3− + 15H2O+1.357 EMS
Cl2(g) + 2e− → 2Cl−+1.359 EMS
Cl2 + 2e−  → 2Cl−+1.36 Keefe
Cl2(g) + 2e−  → 2 Cl−(aq)+1.36 Stretton
2NO2(g) + 8H+ + 8e−  → N2(g) + 4H2O+1.363 EMS
2HIO52− + 18H+ + 14e− → I2(s) + 10H2O+1.384 EMS
HIO52− + 8H+ + 6e− → HIO + 4H2O+1.389 EMS
Cl2(aq) + 2e− → 2Cl−+1.39 EMS
2ClO4− + 16H+ + 14e− → Cl2(g) + 8H2O+1.39 EMS
2NO2− + 6H+ + 4e− → N2O(g) + 3H2O+1.396 EMS
Au3+ + 3e−  → Au+1.40 Keefe
CrO42− + 7H+ + 3e− → CrOH2+ + 3H2O+1.40 EMS
RhO2 + 4H+ + 6Cl− + e− → RhCl63− + 2H2O+1.4 EMS
RhO2+ + 2H+ + e−  → Rh3+ + H2O+1.40 EMS
2AgO(s) + 2H+ + 2e−  → Ag2O + H2O+1.41 EMS
Au3+ + 2e−  → Au++1.41 EMS
HBrO3 + 5H+ + 6e−  → Br− + 3H2O+1.42 EMS
Au3+(aq) + 3e−  → Au(s)+1.42 Stretton
BrO3− + 6H+ + 6e− → Br− + 3H2O+1.44 EMS
Ce(SO4)32− + e−  → Ce3+ + 3SO42−+1.44 EMS
F2O + 2H+ + 2e−  → F2(g) + H2O+1.44 EMS
BrO3−(aq) + 6 H+(aq)+ 6e−  → Br−(aq) + 3 H2O(l)+1.44 Stretton
2HNO2 + 6H+ + 6e−  → N2(g) + 4H2O+1.454 EMS
PbO2(s) + 4H+ + 2e−  → Pb2+ + 2H2O+1.455 EMS
HBrO3 + 4H+ + 4e−  → HBrO + 2H2O+1.46 EMS
RhO42− + 6H+ + 2e− → RhO2+ + 3H2O+1.46 EMS
PbO2(s) + 4 H+(aq) + 2e−  → Pb2+(aq) + 2 H2O(l)+1.46 Stretton
3HBrO3 + 15H+ + 16e−  → Br3− + 9H2O+1.462 EMS
2ClO3− + 12H+ + 10e− → Cl2(g) + 3H2O+1.47 EMS
2HBrO2 + 10H+ + 10e−  → Br2(l) + 6H2O+1.48 EMS
MnO4−(aq) + 8 H+(aq)+ 5e−  → Mn2+(aq) + 4 H2O(l)+1.49 Stretton
Au3+ + 3e−  → Au(s)+1.50 EMS
O3(g) + 6H+ + 6e−  → 3H2O+1.501 EMS
MnO4− + 8H+ + 4e− → Mn3+ + 4H2O+1.506 EMS
TeO42− + 4H+ + 2e− → TeO2(s) + 2H2O+1.509 EMS
Mn3+ + e−  → Mn2++1.51 Keefe
MnO4− + 8H+ + 5e−  → Mn2+ + 4H2O+1.51 Keefe
Mn3+ + e−  → Mn2++1.51 EMS
MnO4− + 8H+ + 5e− → Mn2+ + 4H2O+1.51 EMS
Mn3+(aq) + e−  → Mn2+(aq)+1.51 Stretton
2BrO3− + 12H+ + 10e− → Br2(l) + 6H2O+1.52 EMS
CuO22− + 4H+ + 2e− → Cu(s) + 2H2O+1.52 EMS
2NO2− + 8H+ + 6e− → N2(g) + 4H2O+1.520 EMS
PbO32− + 3H+ + e− → HPbO2− + H2O+1.547 EMS
FeO42− + 6H+ + 3e− → Fe(OH)2+ + 2H2O+1.56 EMS
2HBrO + 2H+ + 2e−  → Br2(l) + 2H2O+1.59 EMS
MnIII + e−  → MnII+1.59 EMS
2NO(g) + 2H+ + 2e−  → N2O(g) + H2O+1.591 EMS
NiO2(s) + 4H+ + 2e−  → Ni2+ + 2H2O+1.593 EMS
2HBrO + 2H+ + 2e−  → Br2 + 2H2O+1.60 Keefe
H5IO6 + H+ + 2e−  → IO3− + 3H2O+1.601 EMS
Bi2O5(s) + 6H+ + 4e−  → 2BiO+ + 3H2O+1.605 EMS
Ce4+ + e−  → Ce3++1.61 Keefe
Ce(NO3)62− + e−  → Ce3+ + 6NO3−+1.61 EMS
HIO4 + 2H+ + 2e−  → HIO3 + H2O+1.626 EMS
2HClO + 2H+ + 2e−  → Cl2 + 2H2O+1.63 Keefe
2HClO + 2H+ + 2e−  → Cl2(g) + H2O+1.63 EMS
2 HOCl(aq) + 2 H+(aq) + 2e−  → Cl2(g) + 2 H2O(l)+1.63 Stretton
HClO2 + 2H+ + 2e−  → HClO + H2O+1.64 EMS
FeO42− + 7H+ + 3e− → FeOH2+ + 3H2O+1.65 EMS
MnIV + e−  → MnIII+1.65 EMS
IO4− + 2H+ + 2e−  → IO3− + H2O+1.653 EMS
Pb4+ + 2e−  → Pb2++1.67 Keefe
2NO(g) + 4H+ + 4e−  → N2(g) + 2H2O+1.678 EMS
MnO4− + 4H+ + 3e− → MnO2(s)+1.679 EMS
Au+ + e−  → Au(s)+1.68 EMS
PbO2(s) + 4H+ + SO42− + 2e−  → PbSO4(s) + 2H2O+1.685 EMS
Au+ + e−  → Au+1.69 Keefe
PbO2(s) + SO42−(aq)+ 4 H+(aq) + 2e−  → PbSO4(s)+ 2 H2O(l)+1.69 Stretton
Pb4+ + 2e−  → Pb2++1.694 EMS
MnO4− + 4H+ + 3e− → MnO2(s)+1.695 EMS
MnO4−(aq) + 4 H+(aq)+ 3e−  → MnO2(s) + 2 H2O(l)+1.695 Stretton
Bi2O5(s) + 8H+ + 4e−  → 2BiOH2+ + 3H2O+1.700 EMS
Ce(ClO4)62− + e−  → Ce3+ + 6ClO4−+1.70 EMS
FeO42− + 8H+ + 3e− → Fe3+ + 4H2O+1.70 EMS
3IO− + 6H+ + 4e−  → I3− + 3H2O+1.701 EMS
Ce(OH)3+ + H+ + e−  → Ce3+ + H2O+1.71 EMS
Ce(OH)22+ + 2H+ + e− → Ce3+ + 2H2O+1.73 EMS
HCuO2− + 3H+ + e− → Cu+ + 2H2O+1.73 EMS
Co2O3(s) + 6H+ + 2e−  → 2Co2+ + 3H2O+1.75 EMS
Ni2O3(s) + 6H+ + 2e−  → 2Ni2+ + 3H2O+1.753 EMS
Bi2O5(s) + 10H+ + 4e−  → 2Bi3+ + 5H2O+1.759 EMS
N2O(g) + 2H+ + 2e−  → N2(g) + H2O+1.766 EMS
H2O2 + 2H+ + 2e−  → 2H2O+1.77 EMS
H2O2(aq) + 2 H+(aq)+ 2e−  → 2 H2O(l)+1.77 Stretton
H2O2 + 2H+ + 2e−  → 2H2O+1.776 EMS
H2O2 + 2H+ + 2e−  → 2H2O+1.78 Keefe
2HCuO2− + 4H+ + 2e− → Cu2O(s) + 3H2O+1.78 EMS
NaBiO3(s) + 4H+ + 2e−  → BiO+ + Na+ + H2O+1.80 EMS
NiO42− + 8H+ + 4e− → Ni2+ + 4H2O+1.8 EMS
TiO22+ + 2H+ + 2e− → TiO2+ + H2O+1.800 EMS
Co3+ + e−  → Co2++1.808 EMS
Co3+ + e−  → Co2++1.81 Keefe
Co3+(aq) + e−  → Co2+(aq)+1.82 Stretton
HIO52− + 3H+ + 2e− → IO3− + 2H2O+1.898 EMS
Ni3O4(s) + 8H+ + 2e−  → 3Ni2+ + 4H2O+1.977 EMS
Ag2+ + e−  → Ag++1.98 Keefe
Ag2+ + e−  → Ag++1.998 EMS
PbO32− + 4H+ + 2e− → PbO(s) + 2H2O+2.001 EMS
2IO− + 4H+ + 2e−  → I2(s) + 2H2O+2.005 EMS
S2O82− + 2e−  → 2SO42−+2.01 EMS
AgO+ + 2H+ + e−  → Ag2+ + H2O+2.016 EMS
S2O82− + 2e−  → 2SO4−+2.05 Keefe
S2O82−(aq) + 2e−  → 2 SO42−(aq)+2.05 Stretton
O3 + 2H+ + 2e−  → O2 + H2O+2.07 Keefe
O3(g) + 2H+ + 2e−  → O2(g) + H2O+2.07 EMS
O3(g) + 2H+(aq) + 2e−  → O2(g) + H2O(l)+2.08 Stretton
2BrO− + 4H+ + 2e−  → Br2(l) + 2H2O+2.09 EMS
Pb3O4(s) + 8H+ + 2e−  → 3Pb2+ + 3H2O+2.094 EMS
Co3O4(s) + 8H+ + 2e−  → 3Co2+ + 4H2O+2.11 EMS
F2O + 4H+ + 4e−  → 2HF + H2O+2.12 EMS
S2O82− + 2H+ + 2e− → 2HSO4−+2.123 EMS
F2O + 2H+ + 4e−  → 2F− + H2O+2.15 EMS
MnO42− + 4H+ + 2e− → MnO2(s) + 2H2O+2.257 EMS
PbO32− + 6H+ + 2e− → Pb2+ + 3H2O+2.375 EMS
CuO22− + 4H+ + e− → Cu+ + 2H2O+2.51 EMS
3PbO32− + 10H+ + 4e− → Pb3O4(s) + 5H2O+2.515 EMS
2CuO22− + 6H+ + 2e− → Cu2O(s) + 3H2O+2.56 EMS
F2(g) + 2H+ + 2e−  → 2HF+2.81 EMS
F2 + 2e−  → 2F−+2.87 Keefe
F2(g) + 2e− → 2F−+2.87 EMS
F2(g) + 2e−  → 2F−(aq)+2.87 Stretton
Ba2+ + 2e−  → Ba+2.91 Keefe
H4XeO6 + 2H+ + 2e−  → XeO3 + 3H2O+3.0 Keefe
F2(g) + 2H+ + 2e−  → 2HF(aq)+3.06 EMS

2  References

Documents that use the notion of reduction potential include reference 1 and reference 2.

1.
John Denker “How A Battery Works” www.av8n.com/physics/battery.htm

2.
“Lead-Acid Battery Half-Cell Reactions” www.av8n.com/physics/lead-acid.htm
[Contents]
Copyright © 2007 jsd